非监禁刑：犯罪未成年人矫治与预防的路径选择——基于实证的思考

对社会危害性和人身危险性较小的犯罪未成年人适用非监禁刑是挽救并帮助失足未成年人的最好途径,它不仅可以矫正他们的心理和行为,也可以预防他们再次犯罪。但由于对非监禁刑价值认识不足、制度存在缺陷、司法环境困扰和部门衔接不畅等原因,我国对犯罪未成年人适用非监禁刑还存在适用比例、适用刑种、适用区域、适用属地等方面的差异。这些差异与宽严相济刑事政策相悖,增加了社会风险;与平等适用法律原则相悖,影响了社会稳定;与罪刑相适应原则相悖,侵蚀了司法正义;与预防犯罪的刑罚目的相悖,减损了刑罚功能。减少、纠正这些偏差,应树立少年司法理念、完善少年司法立法、建立部门衔接机制、探索多种矫正模式。

The Non-custodial Penalty： the Choice for Correcting and Preventing Juvenile Delinquency ——Based on the Empirical Study

The non-custodial penalty for the juvenile offenders who produce less social harmfulness and personal dangerousness is the best way to save and help them. Not only can it correct their psychology and behavior,but it can also prevent them from committing crimes again. However,due to the insufficient awareness of the value of non-custodial penalty,the defects of the judicial system,the influence of unsatisfactory judicial environment and the disconnection between different departments,the application of non-custodial penalty has many problems,especially in the aspects of ratio of application,the applicable penalties,the applicable region,the applicable territory, etc. These problems go against the criminal principle of combining punishment with leniency,which increases social risk; violate the principle of equality in implementing the law,which influences the social stability; run counter to the principle of suiting punishment to crime,which erods the judicial justice; run against the criminal purpose of preventing crimes,which destroy the punish function. To reduce and correct the above mentioned problems,the concept of juvenile jurisdiction should be set up; the legislation of juvenile jurisdiction should be perfected; the mechanism of connecting different departments should be established; the multiple correction model should be explored as well.