论典制习惯及其在成文民法上的重构

在不存在抽象的所有权观念及其所派生的归属与支配的分离观念的社会，物之归属乃是商品交易中信用的物上担保的载体。这种物上担保形式在我国传统社会中表现为活卖，而典制则与活卖同其性质。民初立法割裂典制与活卖的联系而将典权定位为用益物权、将绝卖的后果绝对化的典制重构，蕴藏着立法思想上的缺陷与立法技术上的内在矛盾。我国《物权法》颁布后，典制可得回归其担保交易的功能，并作为“所有权担保”的载体，在我国社会经济生活中发挥作用。

Traditional Consuetude Pawn and Its Reconstruction in the Written Civil Code

In the society where the abstract concept of ownership and the concept of separation between attribution and domination are absent,domination of things would be the method for real guarantee during the course of transaction.In the traditional society of China,this method of guarantee was such a consuetude as "living sale",which was the same with pawn of estate in nature.The reconstruction that severing the relationship between sale and pawn,defining the right of pawn as a kind of usufructuary of the Civil Code in the Republic of China era,contains the limitation of legislative idea and internal contradiction of legislative technology.When the Code of Things be enacted,the traditional pawn would play a role as the form of ownership guarantee in Chinese society and economy.