论宪法在我国民事案件中的适用--以新闻侵权案件为例

我国的新闻侵权案件可分为两类其中一类为表达自由与名誉权或隐私权的冲突;另一类则为表达自由与公共权力的冲突.从法律关系的性质看,体现表达自由与公共权力冲突的新闻侵权案件,不是民事案件,而是宪法案件;纠纷双方不是平等主体之间的民事法律关系,而是监督与被监督的宪法关系.公民或媒体享有对公共权力的监督权,而接受这种监督是国家机关及其工作人员的宪法义务.所以,对这类案件中侵权行为的认定,不应当适用民法的归责原则,而应当适用宪法的归责标准.

On the Application of Constitution to Civil Case in China --Applying the Example of Case of News Tort

There are two types of case of news tort in China:One is the dispute between expressing freedom and right of reputation or right to privacy,another is the dispute between expressing freedom and public power.From the nature of legal relationship,the later type is not civil case but constitution case,the relation between disputers of two sides are not civil legal realtionship between subjects of equality but constitution realtionship between supervision and being supervised.Citizen or media has supervisory right to public power,subjecting to this supervision is constitution obligation of national body and its staff member.It should not apply to the responsible principle of civil law but the responsible principle of constitution that defining the responsible principle of the act of tort of constitution case.