论政治与宗教的两难抉择——《利维坦》的思想脉络与乌托邦困境

《利维坦》的出发点是人性,归宿是国家。人性自私自利,加之人的愚昧无知、恐惧、激情和权力欲作怪,使得宗教有了存在并神圣化的理由。霍布斯试图从自然状态下的人出发,完成宗教的去政治化和宗教的去神圣化论述,凸显世俗政权（国家）至上,重建世俗世界的政治秩序。但在不知不觉中,霍布斯陷入另一个乌托邦困境：权威政治毕竟是俗世的、刚性的,无法完成思想统治,仅有政治权力统治无法化解政治世界内部的公共领域与私人领域、国家与个人的冲突,利维坦难以长存。

A Rational Reflection on the Dilemma Choice of Politics and Religion

Leviathan’s starting point is the human nature,and its end-result is the state.Due to the selfishness of human beings and men’s ignorance,fearing,the passion,and the will to power,Religion had powerful reason to exist.Hobbes attempts to complete religious non-politics and religious non-sanctification through the natural state of people.Therefore the world’s political order can be rebuilt.But unconsciously,Hobbes had fall into another utopia dilemma.Political authority is unable to complete the rule of thoughts.And the Political power of state itself cannot deal with the inner problems of Political state like the conflicts between the public domain and the private sector,the state and person.To the end,Leviathan is hard to exist for a long time.