中国社会安全网研究——青岛市“阳光救助工程”的创新实践

"阳光救助工程"是青岛市2002年7月开始对中国的社会安全网建设进行的创新实践.它有效地保障了城市贫困人口特别是下岗、失业职工的基本生活权益.以青岛市"阳光救助工程"的创新实践为例,研究了中国地方政府创新对社会安全网建设的作用.通过分析"阳光救助工程"产生和发展的动力机制,并对该项举措的创新绩效进行评估后,认为,"阳光救助工程"的创新实践对完善中国社会安全网带来了许多启示.这些启示主要包括:第一,对城市贫困进行综合治理时,应在政府主导下扩大社会参与;第二,贫困问题并不单单体现在收入匮乏上,实际上还涉及到行为主体的物质、精神、社会地位等多个方面的表现;第三,从社会救济到社会救助体系的发展和完善中,应该充分发挥个人的主体性和能动性;第四,城市社会救助体系是一个多目标、多层次的社会系统,包括救济、就业、医疗等针对弱势群体的社会救助制度;第五,社区在社会安全网建设中应起到积极作用,充分发挥社区的社会保障作用.

Study on the Social Safety Net of China——Innovative Practice of "Sunshine Aid" Project in Qingdao City

"Sunshine aid" project is initiated in September 2002 by Qingdao city government and is an innovative practice on the social safety net for Chinese local governments. This project guarantees the basic living rights of people in poverty effectively, particularly the employees off duties or without jobs. Taking the "sunshine aid" project in Qingdao City as an example, this article discusses the roles of local government in the innovations of social safety net. While the article analyzes the dynamic system of the origination and development of "Sunshine aid" project, it appraises the efficacy of "Sunshine aid" project. Finally, the "Sunshine aid" project has brought much enlightenment to us as followings: firstly, we should improve the participation of population in the comprehensive governance to city poverty, with governments' leading role in the governance activities; secondly, poverty does not only refer to the lack of income, but also means more content from the material, mental and social aspects; thirdly, we should take advantage of the initiatives of individuals while constructing the comprehensive social assistance system; fourthly, the social assistance system of city is comprehensive, which is composed of the relief, employment and education assistance for the disadvantaged people; fifthly, the communities play an important role in social safety net so that we should improve the construction of communities.