覆盖与节制:一个有关“审判阴影”的悖论

当事人之间的合意是以自治为目标的调解正当化的首要原理。在现实实践中,纯粹的合意取得面临诸多障碍,合意贫困化的现象在各种调解模式中都有可能产生。在当事人自主交涉的场合,力量的不均衡和信息的不对称导致交涉中恣意的蔓延,以审判阴影覆盖交涉过程、围绕法律判断凝炼合意以抑制其中的恣意因素成为必要。审判阴影覆盖的路径可以划分为一般路径和特别路径。特别路径的审判阴影的覆盖在抑制恣意的同时又可能损害自律这一调解本质属性,反过来又成为另一形式的合意贫困化生成的契机。审判阴影也要有所节制。调解这一难解悖论提醒我们,无论是审判阴影的传递亦或是审判阴影的抑制与自我收缩,都应该也只能将提高当事人的自治能力奉为圭臬。

Coverage or Abstinence:A Paradox about the Shadow of the Law

The agreement between the parties is the first principle to justify the mediation which aims to self-determination. To get the pure agreement faces a lot of obstacles in practice. Reaching an agreement under coercion may appear in various patterns of the mediation. On the occasion that the parties negotiate with each other autonomously,the disproportion of the strength and the asymmetry of information lead to the spread of the peremptory actions. It is necessary to cover the negotiation in the shadow of law...