从外交到移民——美国对中国“滞留”学生政策的转变分析(1948~1957)

“滞留”美国的中国留学生是冷战初期中美关系中的重要议题之一。两国在围绕其去留的反复较量中,美国的政策变化不仅是对现实利益的追求,更重要的是为满足其冷战意识形态斗争的需要。中国留学生与中共的跨国政治联系直接影响了中国政府在争取滞留人士过程中的方针策略。此外,部分滞留的中国留学生转化为永久定居美国的移民,在美国移民政策中创造了诸多“先例”并产生了多米诺骨牌效应,对此后旅美外籍留学生申请永久移民产生了深远影响。

Diplomacy and Immigration:A Study of Chinese Students in the U.S.during the Early Cold War Period(1948-1957)

The problem of“stranded Chinese students”was one of the significant issues in the relationship between the U.S.and the P.R.China during the early Cold War period.In the process of attracting these“stranded talents,”the initial motivation of U.S.policies was not only for realistic benefits,but also,more importantly,to further its Cold War positon and anti-communist strategy.The trans-Pacific connections between the PRC and Chinese students shaped the Chinese government s approach to attracting these talented individuals.Moreover,the stranded students became U.S.citizens,which set the precedent for international students to apply for permanent U.S.residency.Thus,it produced a considerable impact on post-war U.S.immigration policy reform.