日本少年司法制度及其借鉴

日本的少年司法制度建立在其《少年法》的基础之上。日本的《少年法》集实体法、程序法、行政福利法、刑事法为一体,秉承着保护未成年人的理念,充分考虑到未成年人的身心特点,尊重其作为权利主体之人格,系统、全面地规定了保护、教育他们的原则和办法。在健全的少年司法制度的引领下,日本社会一直处于少年违法犯罪率较低的水平,其在未成年人保护和治理少年非行方面堪称世界楷模,值得中国借鉴。中国自20世纪80年代中期以来在未成年人司法保护领域作了一些努力和尝试,取得了较大进步,但和世界水平相比,仍有巨大差距,理应奋起直追。世界各国少年法一般称调整对象为＂少年＂,但也有称为＂未成年人＂、＂青少年＂或＂儿童＂的,含义均为同一。本文中的少年和未成年人是指相同的概念。

On Japan Juvenile Judicial System and Its Reference

Japan’s juvenile judicial system establishes on basis of the juvenile law.Japan’s juvenile law set substantive law,administrative procedural law,and criminal law as a whole,and uphold the concept of the protection of minors,give full consideration to the physical and mental characteristics of minors,respect the right of personality,make systematic and comprehensive stipulation on principles and measures for their protection and education.Led by a healthy juvenile judicial system,Japan society has ever since kept juvenile illegal crime at a low rate,its protection and governance of minors is a role model in the world,and is worth reference for China.Since the mid 1980s China has made great progress in some areas in judicial protection,but there is still a huge gap comparing the world level,China ought to make much progress.