中央与民族自治地方政治关系初探

中央与民族自治地方政治关系既反映中央与一般地方的权力分配关系 ,也反映一个统一主权国家内各民族之间关系 ,特别是主体民族与少数民族之间的关系。实现民族平等是中央与民族自治地方政治关系治理的重心 ,因此 ,中央与民族自治地方政治关系的本质是民族平等权。民族政治关系的理论体系是以民族平等权为核心范畴和多样性统一的基础而演绎出来的逻辑整体 ,是一个由必然权利 (民族平等权 )、应然权利 (生命平等权、政治平等权和发展权 )和实然权利 (少数民族公民权利、自治权以及与之相应的政府职责 )等组成的权利体系。民族权利是民族政治学理论的基本组成部分 ,中国的民族政治学理论应由以“政治权力”为核心范畴的“权力学”向以“民族权利”为核心范畴的“权利学”转变。

Theory's approaching on the political relationship between the central and the autonomous minority areas

The political relationship between the central and the autonomous minority areas reflect not only the relationship of the divided power between the central and the common local, but also the relationship among different nationalities in a united sovereignty country, particularly relationship between the majority and the minority. The nature of the political relationship between the central and the autonomous minority areas is equality right of nationality, because it is the center of the governance of nationality's politics relationship that realize equality of every nationality. The theory's system of nationality's politics relationship is a logical entity that had been deduced form the core concept of nationality's equality right and basis of united diversity, is a right system consisting of certain right, right that ought to be right, real right. Nationality's rights are a basic part of politics science of nationality. In china, it should shift from the science of power which takes political power as its core concept to the science of rights which takes rights as its core concept.