从汉冶萍公司兴衰看晚清宪政缺失与悲情

清末洋务工业化运动,由于落后生产关系与相对先进生产力的悖离,在经历了半个多世纪折腾后最终归于沉寂,被世界誉为"亚洲第一雄厂"且为大清帝国第一家股份制改制企业的汉冶萍钢铁煤联营公司仍然难逃倒闭破产的厄运。缘何自近代洋务始的国有企业均易短祚而亡,一直为学术界所重。清末政治精英与商务精英们共同创设了汉冶萍公司,但由于其晚清帝国近代化先天准备不足和基本政治制度的宪政缺失,在西方列强武力与资本裹挟的双重夹击中崩俎。本文意欲以汉冶萍为范例,寻绎晚清民族自强求富与变法救国宪政缺失的内在原因。

On Absence of Constitutionalism in Late Qing Dynasty from the Rise and Decline of Hanyehping Company

Due to the gap between the under-developed productive relationship and relatively advanced productivity,the foreign affair movement in late Qing Dynasty eventually came to an end after struggling for over half a century.The Hanyehping Company,though it was praised as "the most powerful factory in Asia" and was the first company that adopted joint-stock system,had no alternative but bankruptcy.The scholars have been obsessed with the reasons that caused the fugacity of state-owned companies since the beginning of foreign affair movement.The political and financial elites co-established the Hanyehping Company,however,the inadequate preparation for industrialization and the absence of basic political system,in addition to the military and economical invasion of the Western countries,this company went bankruptcy.The present study conducts a case study of Hanyehping Company to probe into the reasons caused the absence of constitutionalism in pursuing wealth to achieve national independence and carrying out reformation to save the country in late Qing Dynasty.