犯罪网络分析:社会网络分析在有组织犯罪研究中的应用

在刑事司法领域所使用的"网络"(networks)一词通常是指犯罪组织。一个犯罪网络首先也是一个社会网络,社会网络分析是对社会关系结构及其属性加以分析的一套规范和方法。它主要分析的是不同社会单位(个体、群体或社会)所构成的关系的结构及其属性。自美国"9.11事件"以来,世界各国政府、学者、媒体逐渐认识到社会网络分析在有组织犯罪防控研究中的重要作用,纷纷使用社会网络分析方法对恐怖主义犯罪等有组织犯罪进行犯罪网络分析、研究,通过解构犯罪组织,发现犯罪成员体系、结构特征与行动目标,从而对有组织犯罪进行有效预防和打击。我国应充分认识社会网络分析在现代有组织犯罪防控研究中的重要价值,全面了解国外有关理论与应用发展,积极采取政府资助项目研发与直接设立研究机构等多种手段,促进犯罪网络分析理论与方法在我国的迅速发展。

Criminal Network Analysis:Social Network Analysis in the Study of Organized Crime

In the field of criminal justice,the term "network" generally refers to criminal organizations.A criminal network is first and foremost a social network.Social network analysis is a set of norms and methods which analyse the structure of social relations and their properties.It mainly analyses the structure and properties of the relationship posed by different social units(individuals,groups or society).Since the 911 terrorist attack,governments,academics and the media gradually have recognized the important role played by the social network analysis in the study of prevention and control of organized crime,increasingly using social network analysis to analyse and research criminal network of organized crime,including terrorist crime.Through deconstructing a criminal organization,revealing the members system of the crime network,structure characteristics and operational objectives,thus organized crime can be effectively prevented and defeated.China should be fully aware of the important value of the social network analysis in the research on prevention and control of modern organized crime.Moreover,we shall comprehensively understand the theory and application of foreign development,and actively take government-funded research and development projects and directly establish research institutes and other means to promote rapid development of criminal network analysis theory and methods in China.