关于行政合同法律性质的讨论

长期以来,学术界对行政合同法律性质的认识众说纷纭、莫衷一是。归纳起来其分歧的焦点在于:行政合同是行政行为,还是行政管理形式?行政合同是单方行政行为,还是双方行为?行政合同是权力行政行为,还是非权力行政行为?行政合同是强权力行为,还是弱权力行为?行政合同是私法契约,还是公法契约?行政合同本身较为复杂,如果对其只在某一层面或者某个角度进行观察与分析,很难全面认识和把握其本质。为了全面、深入地揭示行政合同的法律性质,应当从不同的角度对之加以解析。基于此,行政合同的法律性质大致可以界定为:行政合同是行政主体与行政相对人之间的双方行为,是行政主体的特殊行政行为、弱权力行政行为、弱强制性行政行为和弹性行政方式。

Discussion on Legal Nature of Administrative Contract

Since long ago,the academic circles has divided opinions on the legal nature of administrative contract.The focal point lies in: Is the administrative contract the administrative action,or administration form? Is the administrative contract the single administrative action,or bilateral behavior? Is the administrative contract the authority administrative action,or the non-authority administrative action? Is the administrative contract behavior with the might strength,or weak authority? Is the administrative contract the civil law contract,or public law contract? Administrative contract is complex,if we only observe and analysis it in certain stratification plane or certain angle,it is very difficult to know and to grasp its essence comprehensively.In order to be comprehensive,its legal nature should be thoroughly analyzed from different angles.Therefore,the legal nature of the administrative contract may approximately be: it is bilateral behavior between the administrative main body and the administrative relative person,it is special administrative action of the administrative main body,the weak authority administrative action,the weak compulsory administrative action and elastic administrative method.