从阶级到阶层—-一种公共语境转换的解说

当代中国在公共语境领域发生了从阶级到阶层的话语转换,这种转换可以从社会分层理论的两个重要理论源头--马克思的阶级理论和马克斯@韦伯的社会分层理论各自所蕴涵的语境逻辑和当代中国整体性社会诉求中得到解释.马克思的阶级理论是一种关涉政治革命的宏观历史理论,与试图保持价值中立的关涉合法性论证的马克斯@韦伯的社会分层理论具有极为相殊的语境逻辑.新中国成立后,由于对革命时代阶级斗争理论的"路径依赖"以及对马克思阶级理论的语境误读,导致阶级和阶级斗争话语泛化.改革开放后公共话语发生的从阶级到阶层的转换是对中国社会整体性诉求的恰当回应,但这种转换并不表明马克思的阶级理论应当退出公共语境.

From Social Class to Social Stratum--An interpretation for the shift of public context

Modern China has experienced the shift from social class to social stratum in the field of public context. This shift can be interpreted by the contextual logic from two important theoretic origins -- Marx's theory of social class and Max Weber's theory of social classification and by the overall social plea of Modern China. Marx's theory of social class is a macro-historic theory concerning political revolution and it has quite different contextual logic from Max Weber's theory of social classification, which tries to maintain value neutrality and prove its rightfulness. After the founding of the PRC, the "path dependence" on the theory of class struggle in revolutionary days and incorrect understanding of the context of Marx's class theory had led to generalized discourse for social class and class struggle. After the reform and opening to the outside world, the shift of public discourse from social class to stratum is a proper response to the overall social plea, but this shift doesn't mean that Marx's theory of social class should withdraw from public context.