论我国紧急状态法制的实现条件与路径选择——从反思应急法律体系切入

紧急状态法制对于解决宪法上紧急状态制度的虚置问题,推动应急基本法的结构性调整,填补应急法律体系中的制度断层,提升其体系内部各个层次、各个相关条款之间的融贯性,有着十分紧迫的现实意义。经过理论条件和现实障碍的细致论证,可以推导出我国紧急状态法制的实现条件极为特殊,寄希望于短期内制定一部统一的《紧急状态法》似乎不具备可行性。从完善应急法律体系的整体考量,可以将紧急状态法制的任务一分为二,按照实体分散和程序统一的思路分别展开实质性构建,同时发挥“情境化”规范进路的聚合效应,打破分散的形式结构体系,在超常规应急治理(紧急状态)情境中实现规范内容的实质统一。

On the Conditions and Paths of Realizing Legal Regulation on the State of Emergency in China--From the Perspective of Rethinking the Legal System on Emergency

The legal regulation on the state of emergency is of very urgent significance for solving the problem of being a“paper regulation”of the provision on the state of emergency in the Constitution,promoting the structural adjustment of the basic law on emergency,filling the institutional gaps in the legal system on emergency,and improving the coherence between various levels and related clauses within the system.However,after careful argumentation of theoretical conditions and practical obstacles,it is concluded that the conditions for realizing the legal regulation on the state of emergency in China are extremely special,thus it seems unfeasible to formulate the Law on the State of Emergency in the short term.From the overall consideration of improving the legal system on emergency,the tasks of the legal regulation on the state of emergency can be divided into two,which should be substantially carried out separately according to the idea of making independent provisions on substantive matters and making unified provisions on procedural matters.At the same time,the convergence effect of the"contextualized"normative approach should be brought into play to go beyond the formally decentralized structure system and achieve the substantive unity of normative content in the context of unconventional emergency(state of emergency)governance.