民法变通规定制定权的法源冲突及解决路径——以《民法典》相关规定阙如为切入点

为在民事法治建设中妥善处理各民族风俗习惯与国家民事法律的关系,我国《民法通则》《婚姻法》《继承法》《收养法》赋予了民族自治地方人大对民事法律规定进行变通的权力。已经正式实施的《民法典》并没有对此项权力予以明确规定,而我国《民法通则》等法律又因为我国《民法典》的实施而被废止。在此背景下,民族自治地方人大还能否对民法典的相关规定进行变通或者补充,是全面贯彻实施《民法典》必须解决的一个重要问题。由于我国《民法通则》等法律规定的变通规定制定权是授权立法而非职权立法,依据宪法及宪法相关法有关立法权限划分的规定,已无法解决我国《民法典》与《民法通则》等法律之间存在的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定的冲突问题。在民法典时代,民族自治地方人大能否对《民法典》的规定进行变通或补充,尚有待全国人大常委会作出裁决。

On the Conflict of Legal Resources on the Power of Making Alternative Provisions of Civil Law and Its Solution--From the Perspective of the Absence of Relevant Provisions in Civil Code

In order to properly handle the relationship between the customs and practices of various nationalities in China and the national laws on civil affairs during the construction of civil law,the General Principles of Civil Law,Law of Marriage,Law of Inheritance and Law of Adoption endow people's congresses of the national autonomous areas with the power of making alternative provisions of civil law.However,the effective Civil Code has not clearly formulated such power,and the General Principles of Civil Law and other laws have been abolished due to the implementation of the Civil Law.Under such background,it is a significant question to be answered for the full implementation of Civil Law that whether people's congresses of the national autonomous areas are competent to make alternative or additional provisions to Civil Code.Because the power of making alternative provisions stipulated in General Principles of Civil Law and other laws is the legislation upon authorization rather than the legislation based on their original power,the conflict between new general provisions in the Civil Code and old special provisions in General Principles of Civil Law and other laws cannot be solved according to the provisions of the Constitution and related laws on the division of legislative powers.In the era of Civil Code,it is still up to the Standing Committee of National People's Congress of China to decide whether people's congresses of the national autonomous areas can modify or supplement the provisions of the Civil Code.