形象权转换性使用规则研究

未经许可借用他人形象制作虚拟人物角色和动漫表情包的现象越来越普遍,应该完全保护个人的肖像权还是为公众自由创作虚拟人物形象和表情包留出空间值得思考。形象权制度下的一系列判例借用版权合理使用制度中的转换性使用规则平衡形象权保护和公众的表达自由,能为如何平衡个人的肖像保护和公众的参与创作和表达带来借鉴。本文通过分析转换性使用规则在形象权案例中的运用,提出应调整转换性使用规则以增强适用该规则判定形象权案例的稳定性。

Transformative Use under the Right of Publicity

It is more and more common for the public to create virtual characters and expression packages by borrowing individuals’ images without their permission.It is worth thinking whether we should completely protect the right of portrait of the individuals or we should leave room for the public to create virtual characters and expression packages.The transformative use rule that is borrowed from the copyright fair use doctrine under the right of publicity context has been used by the courts to balance right of publicity and freedom of expression,which may give us enlightenment on how we should protect individual’s right of portrait and the public participation in creation and expression.This article analyzes the transformative use rule in the right of publicity cases and proposes to reconstruct the transformative use rule in order to strengthen stability of applying the rule to judge right of publicity cases.