道路交通事故中涉案者交通行为方式的法医学鉴定

目的回顾道路交通事故中需要进行涉案者交通方式鉴定的案例。探讨此类案例鉴定的思路和技术方法。方法收集28例近年本单位进行的道路交通事故涉案者交通行为方式鉴定案例，统计涉案者一般情况、损伤程度与交通行为方式的关系，交通事故发生的时间和地点、交通事故中车辆碰撞类型、采用的技术方法等，进行统计学处理。结果本组资料共28起道路交通事故案件，涉案人员共57人，男性50人．女性7人。交通事故发生时间夜间为19例（67．86％），白天为9例（32．14％）。道路类型中，城市市区道路10例（35．7％），城市郊区道路1例（3．6％），省级道路10例（35．7％），高速公路7例（25％）。酒后驾车9例（32．1％）。交通事故类型中，电动自行车与机动车事故5例（17．8％），机动车与自行车事故1例（3．6％），机动车单方事故7例（25．0％）；机动车与机动车事故11例（39．3％），机动车与行人事故4例（14．3％）。涉案人员死亡27人，损伤29人，无明显伤害1人。损伤存活者中轻微伤10例（34．5％），轻伤8例（27．6％），重伤1l例（37．9％）。涉案者交通行为方式鉴定种类中，汽车驾驶人和乘车人认定16例（57．1％），摩托车驾驶人和乘车人认定1例（3．6％），电动自行车驾驶人和乘车人认定5例（17．8％），自行车推行和骑行状态认定1例（3．6％），摩托车推行和骑行状态认定1例（3．6％），行人横过公路方向4例（14.3％）。涉案者交通行为方式鉴定采用的技术手段和方法．包括法医学活体损伤检验、法医学尸表检验、涉案肇事车车辆痕迹检验、DNA检验鉴定、现场人体模拟实验等。结论根据人体（活体或尸体）的体表损伤形态特征、痕迹分布，分析其致伤物和致伤方式，结合车辆痕迹检验结果，得出确认符合某种交通行为方式或者不符合某种交通行为方式的判断，结合案件的相关情况分析重建交通事故过程．是进行涉案者交通行为方式鉴定的基本思路。

Forensic Medical Examination of Action Manners of Victims in Road Traffic Accidents

Objective To discuss the methods of identifying the action manners of victims in road traffic accidents. Method 28 cases of the identification of victims＇ action manners in road traffic accidents were collected. The general status of the individual, the degree of injury, the type of collision in road traffic accident, and the forensic techniques adopted in these cases were recorded and analyzed sta- tistically. Results There were 57 victims involved in 28 cases of road traffic accidents, including 27 dead, 29 injured, and 1 uninjuried. The degrees of injury were as follows： 10 cases of slight injury （34.5%）, 8 cases of minor injury （27.6%）, and 11 cases of severe injury （37.9%）. As to the type of collision, 11 cases were between automobiles （39.3%）, 5 cases were between electric-bicycle and automobile （17.8%）, 1 case was between car and bicycle （3.6 %）, 7 cases were between automobile and immovable object （25.0%）, and 4 cases were between automobile and pedestrian （14.3%）. The action manners of victims identified were as follows： the driver and the passengers （16 cases, 57.1%）, the motorcyclist and the passenger （1 case, 3.6%）, the electric-bicyclist and the passenger （5 cases, 17.8%）, the bicyclist pushing and bicyclist riding （lcase, 3.6%）, the motorcyclist pushing and motorcyclist riding （1 case, 3.6%）, pedestrian crossing road （4 cases, 4.3%）, The techniques adopted were forensic clinical examination, forensic corpse surface examination, vehicle trace examination, forensic DNA analysis, and simulation experiments. Conclusion The basic approach of＇identifying action manners of victims in road traffic accidents is to analyze the injury objects and the injury manner, according to the morphological characteristics of injuries, the result of vehicle trace examination and the information of the specific road traffic accident. Then, the process of a road traffic accident could be reconstructed. As a result, the judgment whether or not the action manner of the victim is accorded with a specific manner of action could be obtained.