合同无效时建设工程优先受偿权的教义学探析

由于对《合同法》第286条及相关司法解释的理解不同,司法实践中对合同无效时施工单位能否主张建设工程优先受偿权存在争议。作为对债权平等性的法定突破,建设工程优先受偿权必须具备充足的正当性基础;同时,出于对其他债权人利益衡平之考虑,必须严格限制可以优先受偿的债权的范围。合同无效体现了法律的否定性评价,相关司法解释不具有赋予特定情况下的无效施工合同以有效合同效果的正当性,因此产生的债权不应具有优先受偿之效力。

Priority of Construction Project under Invalid Contract

Due to different understanding of Article 286 of the Contract Law and relevant judicial interpretation, it is controversial whether the constructor can claim priority of construction project when the contract is invalid in practice.as a legal breakthrough in the equality of creditor’s rights, priority of construction project must have a sufficient basis for legitimacy;at the same time, for the consideration of the interests of other creditors, the scope of claims that can be given priority must be strictly limited. Invalid contract reflects the negative evaluation of law, and the relevant judicial interpretation does not give invalid contract under certain circumstances the effect of effective contracts, so the resulting claims should not have the effect of priority compensation.