论医疗损害责任与医疗事故罪的界限--以过失为分析基础

医疗损害责任和医疗事故罪均是因为医务人员或医疗机构违反注意义务、存在过失而产生的法律责任。二者理论上的区分或许清晰，但法律实践中却很难截然分开，区别二者的关键在于过失的严重程度。医疗损害责任的承担以过失为基础，有过失，则有责任，但医疗事故罪却不尽然。构成医疗事故的医疗损害责任，却不一定构成医疗事故罪，医疗事故罪有其立案和追究刑事责任的标准，即医务人员承担医疗事故罪的原因为主观要件“过失”（违反注意义务的严重程度达到了“严重不负责任”）加客观要件“造成了就诊人死亡或者严重损害了就诊人的身体健康”（这是“严重不负责任”客观衡量标准）。

On the Limits between the Medical Liability and Malpractice Crime

Medical liability and malpractice crime are legal liability arising from negligence, which medical per-sonnel or medical institutions are in violation of the duty of care. Theoretically they are clear distinction per-haps,but legally theyare difficult to completely separate in practice. The key difference is the severity of thenegligence. The responsibility for medical damages is assumed based on negligence. If there is negligence, thenthere is responsibility, but themalpractice crime does not necessarily. Medical malpractice liability for damage isnot necessarily constituted medical crime, which has its filing medical malpractice and criminal responsibilitystandards. The reason that medical personnel commit to the crime of medical malpractice is the subjective ele-ment of ＂fault＂ , namely violatingthe duty of care of the severity to achieve a ＂serious irresponsible＂. Objectiveelement is ＂a doctor who caused the death or serious damage to patient health,＂ which is ＂seriously irrespon-sible＂ objective metrics.