西方社会规制研究关注的主要问题及其启示

当代西方的社会规制研究兴起于20世纪70年代初。研究者们试图追问社会规制过程这个黑匣子中究竟发生了什么。为此,他们深入社会规制行动者内部,借用委托-代理理论、博弈论等研究方法,分析了作为规制者的政府内部的不同层次之间的关系及其对规制实施的影响,作为被规制者的企业内部因素,如雇主的法律意识、雇员在健康安全方面对雇主所施加的压力等,对被规制者行动策略乃至规制效益的影响,提出了一些与旧有规制经济学不同的观点;研究者们还运用流行的制度主义理论探讨了规制制度设计与变迁,规制制度与行动者之间的互动等问题。对以上西方学者们关注的问题进行评介后,指出了它们对中国社会规制研究的启示。

The Main Problems of Social Regulation Studies in West Academe and Its Illuminations

In west academe, the studies of social regulation rose at the early 1970s'. Researchers tried to find what happened in the black box of processes of the social regulation. In order to achieve the aim, they exercised the theory of principal-agent and the theory of game to analyze the regulators (governments) and the relations between them, and their effects on the enforcement of regulation. Another focus among researches is the regulatees (relevant enterprises) and their interior factors, and their effects on the enforcement of regulation. Finally, researchers discussed the design and change of social regulation institutions. Their methods and findings are illuminative to our studies of social regulation.