《保险法》中投保人如实告知义务条文的结构性解读及完善

结构主义法学视角下,我国《保险法》第16条具有双重结构,对双重结构进行"法律后果"等多层次设问及解析,可以获取投保人如实告知义务条款的立法以及法律适用层面的完善路径。第4款和第5款应当增加保险人行使合同解除权的适用前提;保险人在投保人履行告知义务之前与之订立保险合同的,保险人丧失解除权;发现投保人违反告知义务的,保险人有权选择下发拒赔通知书和行使保险合同解除权的顺序。"足以影响保险人决定是否同意承保或者提高保险费率"应当替换为"重要事项";"对保险事故的发生有严重影响"的实质是与保险事故发生具有因果关系。投保人故意违反告知义务的,未告知的事项应当与保险事故的发生存在因果关系,保险人才有权解除保险合同。

Structural Interpretation and Improvement of the Clause of the Insurance Applicant’s Disclosure Obligation in China Insurance Law

This article decomposes Article 16 of the Insurance Law into a dual structure. The multi-level questioning and analysis of the "legal consequences" of this dual structure can be used to obtain the improvement path of legislation and law application about the clause of the insurance applicant’s disclosure obligation. This article will solve three judicial issues: Whether the "statutory outcome clause" should increase the applicable preconditions for the insurer to exercise the right to terminate the contract;If the insurer enters into an insurance contract with the insured before performing the obligation of truthful disclosure, the insurer loses the right of rescission;If the insured is found to have breached the obligation of truthful disclosure, the insurer has the right to choose the order for issuing the notice of refusal and exercising the right to terminate the insurance contract. It is enough to influence the insurer to decide whether to agree to underwrite or increase the insurance rate. It should be replaced by "important matters";the essence of "serious impact on the occurrence of insurance accidents" is that it has a causal relationship with the occurrence of insurance accidents. If the insured deliberately violates the obligation of truthful disclosure, the unannounced matter shall have a causal relationship with the occurrence of the insurance accident, and the insurance talent has the right to terminate the insurance contract.