公共组织及其变革：一个制度经济学视角与解析

从制度经济学的观点来看,公共组织与企业、家庭等私人组织的根本区别在于,其与所提供产品和服务的对象(公民、社会公众、社区成员)之间不是市场交换关系,而是委托代理关系。"政府"与"社会"是公共组织的两种基本形式,前者可以定义为通过国家权威强制供给公共品或提供公共服务的公共组织;后者是非政府性或民间性质的公共组织,自有其一系列特殊规定性。当代世界各国公共组织变革与整合的基本取向和趋势,简单地说,就是通过市场化、民营化建立"小政府,大社会"的公共治理模式。

Public Organization and Its Change: A Point of View and Analysis from Neo-Institutional Economics

From the view point of institutional economics, the fundamental difference between public organization and private organization, such as enterprise, household, rests with that the relation between public organization and its object to provide goods and service (citizen, social public, community member) is not the relation based on market exchange, but the relation of principle-agent. Government and society are two kinds of basic forms of public organization. The former can be defined to supply public goods or provide public service through state authoritative force; but the latter is the non-governmental or civilian public organization, and has a series of special provisions oneself. The basic orientation and trend for the change and conformity of contemporary public organization among countries all over the world, in a word, is to set up public governance paradigm of "the small government, and the big society" through marketization and privatization.