交易费用与出租汽车政府规制模式选择--基于Q市个案的分析

作为共享经济在出租汽车领域的代表,网约车给人们带来了极大的便利,也给传统的政府规制模式带来了挑战。本文以Q市出租汽车规制为个案,剖析出租汽车政府规制不同模式的差异及其内在机制。基于规制的标准制定、控制机制及执法方式等要素上的差异,本文将Q市巡游车与网约车规制分别概括为科层规制与合作规制模式。通过对规制空间中不同行动者的交易费用分析,研究发现Q市传统巡游车规制存在高昂的市场型与管理型交易费用,所以采用科层规制模式;而面对新业态的网约车规制,政府对共享经济的倡导降低了政治型交易费用,信息技术的充分应用减少了市场型与管理型交易费用,因此选择了合作规制模式。但随之产生的政府与平台公司之间高昂的管理型交易费用,是出租汽车政府规制实践中需要重点关注的内容。

Transaction Cost and the Choice of Taxi Government Regulation Mode--A Case Study of Q City

As the representative of sharing economy in the field of taxi,online taxi-hailing brings great convenience to people and challenges to the traditional government regulation mode.This paper takes the taxi government regulation of Q city as an example to analyze the differences and internal mechanism of different models of taxi government regulation.Based on the differences of standard setting,control mechanism and law enforcement methods in taxi regulation,this paper generalizes Q City patrol taxi regulation and online taxi-hailing regulation into bureauerafic regulation and co-regulation respectively.Through the analysis of transaction costs of different actors in the regulatory space,it is found that there are high market-oriented and management-oriented transaction costs in the traditional patrol car regulation of Q City,so the bureaucratic regulation mode is adopted;in the face of the new business type of online taxi-hailing regulation,the government’s advocacy of sharing economy reduces the political transaction costs,and the full application of information technology reduces the market-oriented and management-oriented transaction costs,therefore we choose the co-regulation mode.However,the high management transaction cost between the government and the platform company is the focus of the taxi government regulation practice.