论“情境主义”的社会冲突观--一个本土理论视角的述评与反思

社会冲突是一种普遍存在的社会现象,超越社会制度和社会发展阶段而存在。中国社会情境中的社会冲突内在于中国独特的社会文化底色和社会关系格局,根植于西方文化的社会冲突理论无法理解、诠释和解决中国社会情境中的社会冲突现象。本位论、取向论、均衡论和计谋论是本土社会理论对于本土社会行为和文化心理特征的四种基本判断。自我本位固化的自然秩序、权威取向的文化心理特性、追求均衡的保守主义和利己主义本质,以及重策略、轻原则的"理性"选择习惯,是导致人际冲突发生的四种主要文化症结。这些根源于中国文化深层心理以及社会结构的特征不仅内在地隐含着社会冲突的种子,更是中国社会从传统向现代文明转型过程中的障碍。

On Social Conflicts under the View of The Philosophical Thought of Contextualism--A Review and Introspection of the Native Theories

Social conflicts are a universally existing phenomenon,dispite any social institution and developing stages. Social conflicts of China lie in the deep inner of China’s unique culture background and social relationship structure. The available theories on social conflicts which oriented from the west couldn’t help understanding,interpreting and resolving the native problems on social conflicts. The theory of departmentalism,orientationism,equilibrium and tactics are the four chief foundemental jugement on China natives’ characteristic of social behavior and cultural psychology. Self-centered social structure,authority-oriented cultural psychology,pursuit of balance,which always mean a egomaniac and conservatism and a habit on rational choice which highlights the tactic,but disparaging moral principles,are four main culture cruxes which might lead to social conflicts. These cruxes are huge obstacles for tremendous transformation of China from a traditional civilization to the modern civilization.