技术、空间和权力——米歇尔·福柯的技术政治哲学

福柯作为20世纪最有影响的政治哲学家之一,在其权力-知识概念内自然不会放过对技术这一重要的现代性现象进行哲学的思考,并从微观政治学视角把技术看作是人操控自身的“自我技术”。在此基础上,他进一步从全景敞视主义出发就工厂、医院、学校等空间单元讨论了技术与权力的特定关系,其政治批判直接指向的是任何情景化的技术都是对人体的权力控制并由此造就了作为技术权力效应的“肉体-机器”这一“敌托邦”。沿此政治批判线索,其追随者和其他学者更是把全景敞视主义方法拓展到了对实验室、工业区域、互联网络和基因技术等的政治哲学分析,从“生物-权力”视角提出诸如“半机械人”、“半生物人”等概念,由此显现新兴技术对人体产生的权力控制效应。为了激发对这种技术控制的有效对抗,福柯试图复兴一种具有“生存美学”特征的地方性知识或技术,以摆脱占据统治地位的技术权力控制。

Technology, Space and Power: Michel Foucault's Thoughts on Political Philosophy of Technology

Michel Foucault,one of the most influential philosophers of politics in the 20th century,gave the concept of power-knowledge,spontaneously provided a philosophical thinking about technology as the significant phenomenon of modernity,and treated technology as the micro-political 'self-technology' of man's controlling himself.From the political view of panopticism,he advanced an exploration into the special relations between technology and power in spatial units such as factory,hospital and school,and pointed at the political critique of human bodies dominated by localized technique or technology through which the dystopia of 'body-machine' is made.Along with this clue,his followers and other scholars extended the method of panopticism into political philosophical analysis on laboratory,industrial region,internet or gene engineering,and revealed the powerful effects on human bodies of new technologies by suggesting the 'bio-power' concepts such as 'cyborgs' and 'bioborgs'.To inspire the effective resistance to power as technology,Foucault himself tried to rebound local knowledge or technology with 'aesthetics of existence' so as to escape from the powerful domination of mainstream technology.