以正当程序理念构建中国的刑事侦查制度

正当程序作为一条重要的法治理念和宪法性准则,正在逐步成为各国构建刑事诉讼程序过程中共同的价值取向。正当程序在美国被发扬光大,因此正当程序的理念渗透在英美国家刑事侦查程序的每一个环节中。最主要的体现是司法权对侦查权的制约、犯罪嫌疑人的沉默权及广泛的律师参与权等方面。考察我国有关刑事侦查程序的立法和执法实践,与正当程序的要求还有相当的差距。适当引入正当程序原则,对我国现行的刑事侦查制度的正当化改造有十分重要的现实意义。据此,完善侦查监督体系,强化犯罪嫌疑人的各项权利保障,实行逮捕和审前羁押相分离,以及建立非法证据的排除规则等方面,理应成为构建中国刑事侦查制度的主要内容。

To Construct Criminal Procedure Law of China with the Principle of Due Process

Due process,as a prominent rule-of-law principle and constitutional norm,increasingly becomes the common- foundsational value across different countries in their efforts to construct their criminal procedure law system. This principle per- meates through every stage of the criminal procedure law in Anglo-saxon countries.It is embodied in the judiciary constraints o- ver criminal investigation pwwer,no self-incrimination,and extensive defense attorney participation,among others.The Chi- nese legislative and enforcement practice in the areas of criminal investigation and prosecution still fall far short of the demands of due process.Prudently introducing due process principle would have very positive impact on the normative transformation of current criminal procedure law.Accordingly,the following should be at the core of the efforts to construct a new criminal pro- cedure system in China:improvement of the monitoring and controlling mechanism of criminal investigation,strengthening of the safeguards on various rights of the criminal suspect,requirement of separating arrest and pre-trial detention,and affirma- tion of the exclusionary rules of illegally obtained evidence.