商业数据权:数字时代的新型工业产权--工业产权的归入与权属界定三原则

商业数据界权包括确定其权利的性质和权利的归属。个人信息保护和数据安全法律体系的建成,为数据界权提供了新的逻辑起点和法律前提。数据界权首先应基于个人信息与数据、商业数据与公共数据等基本范畴的厘清。基于商业数据的固有性质以及工业产权的历史逻辑和制度内涵,商业数据与信息保护类工业产权具有深度的契合性,有必要将商业数据纳入工业产权序列,作为数字时代具有标志意义的一种新型工业产权,并可以成为与商业秘密相对称的商业数据权。商业数据界权需要确定商业数据的适格性--可保护条件。商业数据的适格性包括受保护数据的合法性、集合性、管理性、可公开性和商业价值性,即以合法形成的规模性数据集合为客体,并采取管理措施的可公开性技术数据和经营数据等信息。商业数据具有单一性、复合性和动态性,商业数据权暗含着所涉权利的分层性,其权属界定应当透过现象看本质,将复杂或者貌似复杂的问题简单化,遵循投入原则、分层原则和责任原则等三原则。

Commercial Data Rights: A New Type of Industrial Property Rights in the Digital Age —The Affiliation of Industrial Property Rights and the Three Principles of the Ownership Definition

The definition of commercial data rights includes determining the nature of the rights and the ownership of the rights.The establishment of the legal system for personal information protection and data security provides a new logical starting point and legal premise for the definition of data rights.The definition of data rights should first be based on the clarification of basic categories such as personal information and data,commercial data and public data.Based on the inherent nature of commercial data,and the historical logic and institutional connotation of industrial property rights,commercial data and information protection industrial property rights have a deep compatibility.It is necessary to incorporate commercial data into the sequence of industrial property rights,as a new type of industrial property rights with symbolic significance in the digital age,and can become a commercial data right commensurate with trade secrets.Defining commercial data right requires determining the eligibility of commercial data,that is,the protection conditions,which including the legality,collectiveness,manageability,and openness of the protected data.That is,to take the legally formed large-scale data collection as the object,and management measures are taken for the disclosable technical data and business data,etc.Commercial data is single,complex and dynamic,and commercial data implies the hierarchical nature of the rights involved.When defining rights,we should see through the appearance to perceive the essence,simplify complex or seemingly complex issues,and follow the principles of commitment,stratification,and obligation.