罪刑法定视野下刑法扩张解释的"度"——以扩张解释与类推解释的区分为视角

刑法扩张解释的"度"如何去判断,关键是扩张解释与类推解释的区分问题。对于如何区分扩张解释与类推解释,刑法理论上提出了各种标准,如内容说、思维方式说、可能文义说、核心属性说,这些标准在实践中难以经得起检验。采取单一标准对二者进行区分是不具可行性的,语词的特点、事实的多样、社会的变化、主体的差异等诸多因素及其相互关系决定了,扩张解释与类推解释的区分不是绝对而是相对的,我们必须从动态的、综合的观点去看待类推解释与扩张解释的区分。以刑法文本为依据,以事物的本质属性为主线,以国民预测可能性为限定,强调法官的"良心"在解释中的作用,并辅之以程序上的限制,具体分析、综合判断,这是我们对待扩张解释与类推解释的区分应有的态度。

The Limit of Amplified Interpretation of Criminal Law on the Base of the Principle of Conviction and Penalty According to Law——On the view of the distinction between the amplified interpretation and analogical interpretation

The problem of how to grasp the limitation of the amplified interpretation in criminal law is the problem of how to discriminate the amplified interpretation from analogical interpretation.There are some theories of how to discriminate the amplified interpretation from analogical interpretation,such as the content,the mode of thinking,the possible meaning,the essential attributes, but such theories aren't feasible in reality.The signal criterion can't discriminate the two properly,because of the feature of phraseology,the diversity of reality,the difference of subject,the criterion is relative.We should see it with the opinion of dynamic and compositive.The criminal law is the basis,the essential attributes is the masterstroke,the possibility of people's calculation is the restriction,emphasizing the conscience of justice in the course of the interpretation of law,and set some restriction by procedure,which is the due attitude we should have in the discrimination of the amplified interpretation and analogical interpretation.