商法的独立性与商事审判的独立化

商事审判独立化既是商法独立性的必然要求和主要标志,同时也是实现商法独立性的重要保障,没有商事审判的独立化就没有真正意义上的商法独立。实现商事审判独立化的关键首先在于确立独立的商事审判理念,这些理念主要包括重效率的审判理念、侧重动态保护和强调利益均衡的审判理念、尊重当事人意思自治的审判理念及促进商事交易效率与安全并重的理念等。在商事审判程序的具体设计上,应当在充分把握商事审判特殊性的基础上,建立独立的法官队伍并对法官的自由裁量权做出必要限制,注重法院司法能动性的发挥,确立商事惯例和商事判例作为法律渊源的地位和作用,注意发挥诉讼替代程序在商事纠纷争议解决中的作用,强化诚信原则在商事裁判中的独特作用,充分尊重国际惯例在商事审判中的作用。

The Independence of Commercial Law and the Independency of Commercial Adjudication

The independency of commercial adjudication is a necessary requirement and a significant sign for the independence of commercial law,which is also a guaranty to realize the independence of commercial law.Without the independency of commercial adjudication,there could be no independence of commercial law in a sense.The key to realize the independency of commercial adjudication is to establish certain relevant ideas,which mainly include putting an emphasis on the efficiency of adjudication,giving a priority to the dynamic protection and balance of interest in the adjudication,a self-government based on the opinions of the litigants,as well as paying equal attention to the efficiency and security of commercial transaction.When comes to design the procedure of commercial adjudication,the following points should be taken into consideration,i.e.,an independent group of judges,with limited discretion,should be established in consideration of the particularity of commercial adjudication;the court may play an active role in the judicature;the international commercial customs and precedents of commercial cases should work as the legal sources;litigation substitute procedure may play its role in the settlement of commercial disputes;the principle of good faith may have a unique function in commercial adjudication;and due respect be paid to the international commercial practice in the commercial adjudication.