法人分类模式的立法选择

法人分类模式有＂职能主义＂和＂结构主义＂之别,《民法通则》采＂职能主义法人分类模式＂,根据法人在国家构想的社会整体结构中担当的职能,将法人分为企业法人和非企业法人。这种分类模式渊源于我国法人制度立法的问题意识、立法之时面对的具体问题以及法律科学的发展水平,无法实现其意欲的分类目的,不能解决法人制度真正面对的问题,也无法为法人制度立法提供有效支架。我国未来民法典应回归＂结构主义法人分类模式＂,并以其为主轴设计民法中关于法人制度的规则。

Legislative Choice of the Classification Mode of Legal Person

There are two types of classification modes of legal person,i.e.,the functionalism mode and the structuralism mode.According to the functions in the structure of a society of legal persons that designed by the law,the legislators who stipulated General Principles of The Civil Law of The People＇s Republic of China chose the functionalism mode for the law,then divided the legal persons into enterprise as legal person and non-enterprise as legal person.This choice depended on the legislators＇ problem consciousness about the system of legal persons,the specific problems of law-making and the development level of science of law.In practice,the purpose of the classification has not been achieved.The functionalism mode neither solve the problems existing in fact,nor support the legislation of legal persons effectively.In the future,the legislators shall adopt the structuralism mode for the classification of legal persons when they make the code of civil law,and make the rules of the system of legal persons according to the structuralism mode.