契约、身份与劳动关系变迁——国企改制以来的国家与工人阶级

国有企业改制以来的劳动关系通常被表述为行政化向契约化的转变。本文的讨论则以身份和契约作为核心变量，以二者自身内涵的变化以及在国企改制前后结合形式的差异为主线。典型单位体制下，劳动关系的行政化不过是国家与工人阶级社会契约的外在形式，它能够发挥作用是因为工人阶级的单位身份。国企改制是将劳动关系商品化的过程，而劳动关系之所以能够成为商品，是因为契约关系发生了变化。它分为两部分：国家与工人阶级的契约表现为调控性的政策和法律；工人和企业的契约表现为市场劳动合同。而工人的单位身份则转化为公民身份，它是现代契约的基础。这一身份的转换表明我国开始以个人主义而不是集体主义构建社会。

Contract,Status and Change of the Labor Relations——The State and the Working-class in Industrial Restructuring in China

As a general rule,labor relations has been described as changing from administration to materialization since the industrial restructuring.However,status and contract are the kernel variable in this article.The main clue of the article are the changed meaning and the different form of combination of these two variables.In the typical Danwei system,administration of the labor relations which based on the Danwei status of the working-class,is the form of social contract between the state and the working-class.Industrial restructuring is a process of turning labor relations to commodity,which based on the changing of contract relations.There are two form of the new social contract:the form of contract is state policy and law system between the state and the working-class;The one between the working-class and the company is market labor contract.The Danwei status of the working-class was replaced by the citizenship which was the premise of the modern contract.