美好生活的社会保护水准:社会政策体系中基本生活需要标准的建构

基本生活需要保障是我国不断满足人民美好生活需要的基础。构建基本生活需要标准,关键在于瞄准相对贫困目标、构建福利认证标准和消除社会排斥状态。基于人类需要理论和国外基本需要战略等相关研究,应以民生保障、适度普惠、多维满足和防止伤害等为具体目标,建构起具有中国特色的基本生活需要标准。这一标准分为最低标准和适当标准两个层次,包括收入、医疗、教育、住房和照料五个维度的货币指标和非货币指标。以"美好生活"为核心的新时代社会政策体系要在全面性与协调性、主动性与精准性、适度性与发展性三个方向着力保障人民基本生活需要,从消除绝对贫困走向解决相对贫困。

The Level of Social Protection for a Better Life:Establishing Standards for Basic Living Needs in Social Policies

The guarantee of basic living needs is the basis for China to continuously meet people’s needs for a better life.The key to establishing standards for basic living needs is to target relative poverty,set welfare certification standards,and eliminate social exclusion.Based on human needs theory and foreign basic needs strategies,we should focus on the specific goals of people’s living standard improvement,modest inclusive benefits,multidimensional satisfaction and prevention of injuries,and build a standard of basic living needs with Chinese characteristics.This standard has the minimum level and the moderate level,and includes monetary indicators and non-monetary indicators in income,health care,education,housing,and special care.The social policy system centered on"better life"must be comprehensive and coordinated,proactive and accurate,and moderate and developmental to ensure people’s basic living needs,thus realizing the transformation from eliminating absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty.