大城市社会空间演变态势剖析与治理反思——基于上海的调查与思考

改革开放以来，在全球化和向市场经济转型的背景之下，中国的社会和经济格局发生了深刻的变革，城市社会空间结构演变成为当代中国城市转型的主要特征。通过对上海人口、房地产等经济社会数据分析可知，当前上海人口、居住等社会空间正呈现剧烈的演变态势。随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，上海未来社会空间将呈现城市社会空间分异、城市社会空间两极化、城乡结合部居住形态多元化、城市社会结构重构、城市“双城”现象凸显、弱势群体居住边缘化、城乡二元结构空间显现、城市部分社区老龄化等演变趋势。大城市社会空间演变将带来类似西方城市居住隔离、空间剥夺、阶层矛盾、公共空间漠视等负效应。在“和谐社会”等治国理念下，反思传统的城市治理模式，提出城市规划公共利益职能归位、加强房地产投资的引导与控制、推进市民利益维护机制建设、推进“以人为本”的混合型和谐社区建设、制定合理的人口容量战略、制定合理的人口分布战略等新型治理模式具有重要意义。

Study on Social Spatial Evolution Trend and the Governance in Megapolis——Based on the Research of Shanghai

In the course globalization and market-economy transformation, China's society and economic structure has changed rapidly and urban social spatial structure evolution has become the main characteristic during contemporary China's urban transition since Opening-up reform. Based on the data analysis of population, real estate etc. in Shanghai City, it shows that the social space in Shanghai is changing rapidly. With the fast industrialization and urbanization, the future evolution trend of Shanghai social spatial evolution is concluded as followings-urban social spatial differentiation, urban social spatial polarization, residential multiple shapes in urban fringe area, urban social structure restructuring, the phenomenon of "two cities", margining of residential space for disadvantaged people, the obvious dual structure of urban and rural regions and the emergence of partial aging community. There exists residential segregation, space deprivation, class contradiction and disregarding of public space during the process of urban social structure evolution. On the background of "building harmonious society", it is imperative to establish urban space regulation policies concerning on urban planning preferring to common interest, regulations of investment in real estate, citizen interest protecting system, mixing community construction based on "human first" principle, proper population distribution strategy, the harmonious relationship within community and proper population capacity strategy.