日本检察审查会制度改革后的施行与思考

日本检察审查会制度是一项旨在赋予日本国民监督检察官正确履行公诉权、使公诉活动反映民意的权力的法律制度。从2009年5月起,检察审查会的评议书开始具有一定的法律拘束力,能更有效地防止检察官过度使用起诉犹豫、追求"精密司法"的倾向,有利于构建当事人主义模式;救济被害人;维护国家公诉独立。但国民意志的模糊性和易变性、担任检察审查会委员的义务性、审议程序不够透明、被告人权利难救济等都影响该制度的实施效果。

The Reflections for Implements of the Committee for Inquest of Prosecution of Japan after Reform

The Committee for Inquest of Prosecution of Japan is a legal institution to give the right of the prosecution supervision to the citizen to restrict the abuse of non-prosecution and ensure a reflection of public opinion. Since the May of 2009, the decisions of the Committee for the Inquest of Prosecution have certain legally binding force, which can reflect the principle of sovereignty of the people in the field of criminal justice, prevent prosecution hesitation, practice precise judicature more effectively, help construct the adversary system, relieve the victims and ensure the independence of public prosecution. However, the implements of this system are affected by the ambiguity and uncertainty of public opinions ,the mandatory of being a member of the Committee for Inquest of Prosecution,unclear procedure of deliberation and the difficulty of relieving the right of defendants.