关于紧急避险核心要件“不得已”研究

鉴于紧急避险具有损害无辜第三人合法利益的行为属性,因而对紧急避险适用条件必须进行严格的限制,其中＂不得已＂则是关键的限定要件。不得已要求避险人在没有其他更为合理的办法排除急迫危险时才允许适用紧急避险,这种紧急避险适用的为难和谨慎受困于不得已内在属性即唯一性、被动性和节俭性的制约。不得已成立需要具备急迫性、社会相当性、限度性和效果性等四个构成要素;而对于不得已存在的判断,应坚持以客观为主、主观为辅的判断模式,才能对紧急避险适用的正当性给予客观公正的定位。

On the"Unavoidance"——the Key Component of Necessity

Necessity has an action attribute that can harm legitimate interest of the third innocent party. It requires strict restriction to start necessity as well as the ＂unavoidance＂ being the key restriction. Unavoidance requests the person who is in emergent situation to start necessity while there is no rational way to avert the danger. Its embarrassment and cautiousness are enslaved to inherent nature, namely uniqueness, passivity and thriftiness. We need to consider urgency, social worthiness,limitation and validity to understand unavoidance correctly. We should use the judge model that is objective primarily and subjective secondarily in order to evaluate necessity justly and wisely.