美国“平等-不平等政治”的历史周期率及其对中国的启示

对于“占领华尔街”运动所暴露出的美国社会贫富差距扩大和两级分化现象，可以用美国学者保罗·克鲁格曼的“不平等政治”与“平等政治”相互转换的分析理论来解释。在他看来，美国的政治与经济社会之间的关系是政治的平等或不平等决定着经济社会的平等或不平等；美国不平等政治与平等政治的转换经历了“严重不平等”的“前新政”时期、“相对平等”的“新政”时期和“高度不平等”的保守主义政治时期这三个阶段；美国正面临着走向新平等政治并实现贫富差距“大缓和”的历史机遇。然而，“占领华尔街”运动却表明，美国的不平等政治仍然在延续，美国至今未能从制度上解决“平等一不平等政治”周期性转换这一政治不公平问题。由此可以得出如下启示：在当今世界各国包括中国，有“良知”的政治学家和政治家，不仅要推进民主政治，还应该正视“平等一不平等政治”的周期率，并努力超越不平等政治，施行公平政治，以此推进经济社会的公平发展。

The Historical Cycle Rate of "Equality-Inequality Politics" in the USA and Revelation to China

We can use the analytical theory about interconversion of "unequal politics" and "equal politics" suggested by the American scholar Paul Krugman to explain the widening gap between the rich and the poor in American society and polarization exposed from the "Occupy Wall Street" movement.As far as he was concerned,the relationship between the American political and economic society is political equality or inequality determining the equality or inequality of economic society.The transformation of unequal politics and equal politics in the United States went through three stages,which were "serious inequality before New Deal" period,"relatively equal New Deal" period and "highly unequal" conservative political period.The United States is facing the historic opportunity of new equal politics and alleviating the gap between the rich and the poor.However,the movement of "Occupy Wall Street" has shown that the unequal politics in the United States still continues,the United States has not yet institutionally solved political unfair question of "equal-unequal politics" periodic conversion.It can be concluded that: in today’s world including China,political experts and politicians who have "conscience" should not only promote democratic politics,but also face up to the cycle rate of "equal-unequal politics",and strive to exceed unequal politics,implement fair politics,so as to propel the economic and social equitable development.