菲律宾与印度尼西亚民主转型原因之异同——对《第三波》转型原因观点的验证

第三波民主化浪潮已进入民主巩固阶段,对过去转型的分析有助于对现阶段民主巩固问题的理解.地处东南亚地区的菲律宾与印度尼西亚提供了可资比较的民主转型经验,以亨廷顿<第三波--20世纪后期民主化浪潮>中关于民主转型原因--威权政体政绩与合法性下降、经济发展水平提高、宗教变化、外部因素直接影响和示范效应等五个因素分析为基础,菲律宾与印度尼西亚的比较可以得出结论:威权政体政绩与合法性下降这一因素可能是第三波民主化转型的普遍原因,而经济发展水平提高、宗教变化、外部因素直接影响和示范效应等四个因素可能只是适用范围较小的民主转型原因.

Similarities and Differences between the Philippines and Indonesia in Democracy Transformation——An Examination on the Transformation Reasons of The Third Wave: Democratization In The Late Twentieth Century

The third wave of democratization has entered the stage of democratic consolidation.In order to better understand the current phrase,it is useful to analyze the past cases of democracy transformation,and such are the cases of the Philippines and Indonesia.Based on the five reasons of democracy transformation listed in Huntington's The Third Wave: Democratization In The Late Twentieth Century,which are the decline of authoritarian regime's political achievements and legitimacy,economic development,religious change,direct influence of outer factors and demonstration effects,the paper compares the Philippines and Indonesia and reaches the conclusions: the decline of authoritarian regime's political achievements and legitimacy is the common reason for the third wave of democratization;while the other four can only be the reasons for the democracy transformation in small scopes.