论集团诉讼中的既判力问题——美国和巴西立法经验的分析及借鉴

集团诉讼判决的既判力规则是集团诉讼制度的重要内容,也是各国集团诉讼立法中的难点。目前国外关于集团诉讼既判力规则的立法最为典型的有美国和巴西,美国的既判力规则依赖于英美法系的一系列诉讼制度逐渐形成,而巴西作为大陆法系唯一引进集团诉讼的国家,创设了独特的集团诉讼制度,其既判力规则颇具特色,被西方学者称为大陆法系国家集团诉讼的立法典范。完善我国的代表人诉讼制度,提高法院处理群体性纠纷的效率和社会效果,是能动司法的内在要求。美国和巴西的立法经验对于完善我国代表人诉讼制度无疑具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

On Res Judicata in Class Action A Survey of American and Brazilian Legislation

Res Judicata rules is an important part of class action, and is also a difficult problem in class action legislation. Among foreign legislations, American and Brazilian legislations are two typical models. American model heavily relies on common law legal system. Brazil is the only civil law country introduced class action, which was acclaimed as a legislation model for civil law countries. Our representative suit system can not satisfy the demand of modern class dispute and needs improvement in terms of adequacy of representation, res judicata, and the effective scope of mediation agreement. Both countries’ legislations provide us valuable legislative experiences.