法律实证主义与规范理论——规范性的三个难题

在现代法律理论中,规范性既意味着法律对行为的影响,也用以表达有别于事实的另一世界。有关法律规范性的争议可分解为三个相互关联的理论难题:制裁与义务是否具有同样的规范作用?是否只有一般性的法律规则才具有规范性?哲学实证主义与法律实证主义对规范性的理解是否相同?通过思考这些难题可以得出结论:规范问题不同于价值问题,法律实证主义能够在探讨规范问题时坚持价值无涉的立场;法律的规范性不能化约为唯一一种规范作用,对此有必要进行更加精致的研究。

Legal Positivism and Theory of Norms——Three Problems of Normativity

In modem theories of law, normativity refers to the influence of law on human act, as well as the expression of a world that differs from the fact. The controversy of legal normativity can be resolved into three interrelated theoretical problems： Does sanction have the same normative function as duty？ Whether only general legal rules have normativity？ Whether or not the legal and philosophical positivists share the same view on normativity？ Based on analysis of the above - mentioned problems, it can be concluded that since norms differ from value, legal positivists can hold the stance of ＂value - free＂ in discussion of norms; legal normativity cannot be reduced to only one normative function, which nevertheless needs more precise studies.