要物合同之困及其出路:理论变迁的视角

中世纪以来的法学家在构建合同理论时一方面进行着体系化的尝试,另一方面继承了具有罗马法传统的要物合同制度。但在提炼合同一般理论的进程中,要物合同制度逐渐脱离了其原来的生存土壤。尽管不断被赋予新的时代含义,具有鲜明个性的要物合同与具有高度抽象性的合同一般理论仍有明显冲突。要物合同的成立区别于合意主义的一般原理甚至难见容于其体系成为要物合同之困。为化解此危机,追溯其产生渊源及流变有着重要意义。

Predicament of the Real Contract and Its Solution from the Perspective of Theory Evolution

Jurists from medieval time inherited the legal tradition of Roman real contracts while trying to establish a systematical theory of contracts. However, in the course of abstracting the general theory of contracts, real contracts had lost the original foundation. Though granted with new meanings of modern times, real contracts with their own distinct styles still conflict with the highly abstracted general theories of contracts. In particular, the predicament is that real contracts are barely compatible with the consensualism since the rules on formation of real contracts are different from general rules of consensualism. In order to resolve this crisis, it is important to trace back to the origin and theory evolution of real contracts.