内生性脱贫视角下的农村妇女与合作组织——以山西PH与河南HN两个农民合作社为例

精准脱贫工作的重要内容是激发贫困群众脱贫的内生动力,防止返贫现象发生。当前在农村大量男性劳动力外流的背景下,很多农村妇女已成为乡村家庭及其社区的中坚力量,也成为农村脱贫工作中的重要群体。如何激发农村妇女的内生动力成为当前精准扶贫工作中的一项重要内容。本文以内生性脱贫的视角对山西省永济市和河南省灵宝市两个由当地农村妇女主导创办的合作组织进行观察后发现:合作组织的形式可以有效地激发农村妇女的内生动力。自发形成的妇女合作组织更倾向于以社会建设和文化建设为工作抓手,重塑乡村社区公共文化空间,以此为基础形成可持续、生态化的乡村产业与就业创新模式。可以看到,农村妇女身上蕴藏着的智慧与力量,经过合作组织的形式激发,成为村庄脱贫和社区良性治理的内生动力,这是乡村振兴发展的重要路径。

Rural Women’s Cooperative Organizations as Their Initiative in Poverty Alleviation:Examples of Two Rural Cooperatives in PH Shannxi and HN Henan

An important part of the targeted poverty alleviation efforts is to stimulate the internal drive of the poor to get rid of poverty and prevent the phenomenon of poverty return. In the context of the outflow of a large number of rural male labor force,many rural women have become the backbone of rural families and communities,and also the important group in the alleviation of rural poverty. How to stimulate rural women’s endogenous drive is an important part of the current targeted poverty alleviation efforts. From the perspective of endogenous poverty alleviation,this paper examines two cooperative organizations founded by local rural women in Yongji City,Shanxi Province and Lingbao City,Henan Province. It has found that cooperative organizations can effectively stimulate the endogenous power of rural women. Women’s cooperative organizations formed spontaneously tend to remold the public cultural space of rural communities with social reconstruction and cultural construction as the starting point,so as to form sustainable and ecological rural industry and employment innovation mode. It can be seen that the wisdom and strength rural women have been stimulated in the form of cooperative organizations have moved them in participating in poverty alleviation in villages and sound community governance,which is an important path for rural revitalization and development.