什么是“好政策”?——公共政策质量研究综述

公共政策质量是决定国家发展绩效的重要因素。政策质量研究需要回答三个基本问题:公共政策质量的内涵是什么?影响因素有哪些?如何提升公共政策质量?公共政策质量内涵形成了质量本质、政策成败和政策过程三大研究进路。高质量公共政策应对外部环境具有较强回应性、制定过程和政策内容合情合理合法、切实关照利益相关者利益、执行有效和结果合乎政策目标。研究发现,政策环境、政策系统、政策行动者、政策能力和政策资源是影响公共政策质量的重要因素。因此,应树立全系统、全过程和整体性的公共政策质量管理体系,从制度化的政策体系、科学化的制定过程、有效的政策执行和合乎目标的政策产出四个方面提升公共政策质量。未来需要通过更多的实证研究检验公共政策质量的影响因素及其权重,以更深度的案例研究推动中国公共政策质量持续优化,以触发更多的“好政策”,提升公共政策绩效,推动国家治理现代化。

What Is a Good Policy:A Literature Review of Public Policy Quality

In addition to the institutional factor,the quality of a public policy is an important factor that determines the performance of national development.This paper focuses on three questions:what is the connotation of public policy quality?Which factors impact public policy quality?How can the quality of public policy be improved?This paper first reviews and organizes the concept and connotation of public policy quality,which is mainly embodied in three research paths:the quality dimension,the policy success and failure dimension,and the policy process dimension.Public policy with high quality could be regarded as a policy with strong responsiveness to the external environment and public issues;that is both legal and reasonable in its formulation process and in policy content;that takes practical care for the interests of stakeholder;that is effectively implemented and its results are in line with policy objectives.According to the internal operating logic of public policy,the paper then systematically analyzes the constraints affecting the quality of public policy from the perspectives of policy environment,policy system,policy actors,policy capacity,and policy resources.Quality management of public policy should establish an overall quality control system for the whole system and the whole process.Finally,the quality of public policy can be measured in four aspects:institutionalized policy system,scientific formulation process,effective policy implementation,and targeted policy output.In the future,more empirical studies are needed to test the influencing factors of public policy quality and their weights.More detailed case studies are needed to build and verify the evaluation system of China s public policy quality,to trigger more and better policies and to improve public policy performance in China.