论无效民事行为转换的适用要件

无效民事行为的转换是缓和民事行为无效后果之绝对性的一种重要法律机制.一个有效的民事行为转换应符合三个方面的要件,即基础行为要件、替代行为要件和对转换的限制.就基础行为要件而言,转换的对象须是无效民事行为,包括部分无效的民事行为；就替代行为要件而言,替代行为须为有效行为且存在可推测的当事人意思,但替代行为并不包含于基础行为之中,其效果也不得超越当事人所意欲达成之民事行为的效果；就转换的限制要件而言,民事行为的有效性解释应先于转换进行,但经补救而有效的无效民事行为无需转换,因撤销而无效的民事行为及效力待定的民事行为无法转换,违背法律的无效性规范宗旨的民事行为不得转换.

Invalid Civil Act Conversion Applicable Requirements Analysis

Conversion of invalid civil act is an important legal mechanism to ease the absolute invalid conse-quences of legal act. An effective conversion should meet three requirements, namely basic act elements, alternative act elements and conversion restrictions. On the aspect of basic act elements, it should be clear that the converted object shall be invalid civil act, including partially invalid civil acts. On alternative act elements, it should be clear that alternative act should be valid and the meaning to convert could be speculated, but alternative act is not includ-ed in the basic act and its effect shall not extend beyond the intended effect. On the aspect of restrictions require-ments, it should be clear that the effectiveness of civil act should be interpreted before the conversion, and it does not need to convert if an act becomes effective after remediation, and it cant be converted if an act is a revocation or pending act, and it cant be converted if an act is contrary to the invalid purpose of law.