小农户经营现代化背景下农村阶层重塑对村庄治理的影响

小农户经营现代化进程推进了农民以要素配置方式为基础的阶层重塑。这种重塑对农民个体和乡村治理都有着深刻的影响。各阶层在生产方式、资源利用、权力和利益需求等方面存在异质性,会改变村庄治理中的权力结构、信任关系、沟通渠道、公共资源分配方式和村庄秩序,但这种异质性并非是均质的,其影响亦非都是负面的。中间层、兼业层和贫弱层农民之间有易于调和的冲突,会推动形成以中间阶层农民为主的村庄治理模式,该模式既是对原有村庄治理的自我修复和更新,又能帮助小农户经营与现代市场对接。外源农民与其他阶层农民之间存在不易调和的冲突,会推动村庄治理重塑,形成有利于资本的新模式。为此,要注重区分各地农民分化的实际,着力提高政策的系统性、瞄准性和针对性,提升村庄治理绩效,为推进小农户经营现代化提供组织和平台保障。

The Impact of Re-construction of Rural Social Stratum on Rural Governance Performance under the Goal of Smallholders’ Operation Modernization

Smallholders’ operation modernization propels the re-construction of rural social stratum based on the mode of factor allocation. The re-construction has a profound impact on agricultural operators and rural governance. The heterogeneity of different agricultural operators in production methods,resource utilization,authority and interest demand has changed the trust relationship,power structure,communication channels,village order and public resource distribution in rural governance. However,this heterogeneity is not homogeneous and its influence is not all negative.There are reconcilable non-essential conflicts among middle level,part-time level and weak level agricultural operators,which will promote the formation of rural governance model dominated by middle level agricultural operators. This model can not only repair and update the original rural governance,but also help smallholder production connect with the modern market. There is an irreconcilable essential conflict between external agricultural operators and other agricultural operators,which will promote the subversive reshaping of rural governance and form a new model conducive to capital. Therefore,to improve the performance of rural governance and provide organizational &platform guarantee for promoting the smallholders’ operation modernization,we should pay attention to the reality of agricultural operators’ differentiation in different regions and focus on improving the systematic,accurate and targeted policies.