中国社会转型下的心理福利与社会支持

中国以经济体制改革为先导的社会转型,对社会生活的各方面都产生深刻影响。医疗服务私有化与价格上涨、社会快速流动与分化,可能严重影响民众心理福利。但鲜有研究考察社会转型的心理福利后果及社会支持的调节作用。本文利用2005年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS2005),检验了医疗支出负担、社会地位及其比较、社会支持同城乡居民心理福利的关系,并在中国性别结构失衡问题日渐暴露的背景下,关注了婚姻作为重要的社会支持机制在其中的角色。结果表明,相对剥夺感对心理福利存在普遍影响,市场化转型更可能损害社会弱势群体的心理福利。在中国转型社会,社会支持对心理福利存在保护功能,且可以缓冲医疗支出负担加大和相对被剥夺地位对农村居民心理福利的负面影响;婚姻的功能角色呈现多元化,既加大了医疗支出负担的负面影响,也强化了其他社会支持的保护作用。研究发现对理解和改善社会转型的心理福利后果,提供了重要的指引和借鉴。

Social Change and Psychological Well-Being in Urban and Rural China

The economic reforms of the past two decades have initiated a major social transition in China,characterized by unprecedented social mobility and stratification.Meanwhile,the privatization of health care has increased costs to the consumer and further changed familial and social norms.While such changes would logically affect individuals’ psychological well-being,very little attention has been paid to their impact in this regard.Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS 2005),this paper focus on the relationships among social change,social support and the psychological well-being of individuals in both urban and rural areas,as well as the role of marital status in Chinese society with OLS regression models.We find that the increasing health care burden is significantly reducing individuals’ psychological well-being.Perceptions of social status,especially as it changes over time and when compared against peers,also have an effect.Social support has protective function for psychological well-being,and also compensates for the negative effect of increasing health-care burden and relative deprivation during social change on psychological well-being.Marital status is also significantly correlated with psychological well-being,and moderates the relationships among social change,other social support and psychological health,especially in rural cases.Findings highlight the negative consequence of social change for psychological health as well the buffer effect of social support for the impact of social change on psychological well-being,which provide an important direction and reference for understanding the psychological cost of China’s economic,social,and demographic transition spurred by economic reform,and for understanding the role of social support especially marriage in China’s aging and increasingly gender-imbalanced society.