西方犯罪学史略（上）

西方犯罪学史展示了人类对犯罪认识的变化过程和斗争状况，为人类同犯罪作斗争提供了历史经验与启示，向人类传播了犯罪学领域的丰富知识，具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。西方犯罪学史的阶段划分可以分为两种：一种是根据犯罪研究有一个长期的过去来划分，可分为报复、威吓、博爱、科学四个时代；另一种是根据犯罪学有一个短期的历史，即其学科萌芽、形成、创立和发展的历史过程按学派年代先后来划分，可分为以18世纪的古典犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段、以19世纪的实证犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段和以20世纪的现代犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段等等。

The History of the Western Criminology

To partition the history of the western criminology, there are two methods, of which： one is to divide it, on the basis of the studies on crimes with a long-term history, into four eras such as the revenge, the threat, the humanity and the science; the other is to divide it, on the basis of the criminology with a short-term history which is the time sequence of some schools＇ establishment during the historical course of the germination, formation, foundation and development of the criminology, into different historical phases such as the one which typified by the classical school of the criminology during the 18th century, the one by the positivist school of the criminology during the 19th century, the one by the modem school of the criminology during the 20th century, etc.