指挥官刑事责任基本理论

指挥官刑事责任是指挥官因为其下级实施了犯罪而应当承担的一种共犯责任。该理论在20世纪随着一系列重要的国际刑事司法实践而逐渐形成,并在当前主要的国际刑事法律中得到了体现。要追究指挥官的刑事责任,必须证明三点:具有上下级关系;上级知道或者应当知道下级的罪行;上级指挥官未能采取合理、必要的措施阻止犯罪或者惩罚罪犯。但是,无论是在司法实践中,还是在理论研究上,人们对这个原则还有不同的认识与做法,一个科学、合理的指挥官刑事责任理论体系还有待建立。

Doctrine of Command Criminal Responsibility

Command criminal responsibility is a liability of complicity that a commander takes for a crime committed by his/her subordinate.This doctrine,along with a series of important international practices,was gradually set forth in the twentieth century and is now embodied in major international criminal laws.Where a commander is held liable,it must be proved that the offender is his/her subordinate,he/she knew or should have known the crime,and he/she failed to take measures to stop its commission or to punish the perpetrator.In terms of the doctrine,people vary in judicial practice and in theoretical research.Thus,a scientific and rational regime of command criminal responsibility should be established.