农村环境治理公众参与中的社区介入:必要、可能与实现

农村环境治理中公众参与已上升为国家意志,多元共治已成为农村环境治理共识。现阶段政府主导下的环境治理公众参与在实践操作层面存在参与意识薄弱、参与过程模糊以及参与机制缺失等参与失灵困境。不同于政府主导下的环境治理公众参与,社区介入依托于社区自身具有的激励优势、民主优势与自治优势为公众参与提供有利契机,有助于化解公众参与失灵困境。农村环境治理实践中通过社区介入推动公众参与的经验诠释了公众参与的动力系统、运作系统与强化系统等关键问题。有别于西方社会自下而上的公众参与模式,我国农村环境治理需要在政府推动下借助社区介入从宣传认同、公开互动与授权合作等方面提升农村环境治理公众参与度。

Community Intervention in Public Participation in Rural Environmental Governance: Necessity,Possibility and Realization

Public participation in rural environmental governance has risen to the national will,and multi-subject participation has become a consensus in rural environmental governance.At this stage,public participation in environmental governance led by the government has a weak participation,a vague participation process,and a lack of participation mechanisms at the operational level.Different from the government-led public participation of environmental governance,community intervention relies on the incentive advantage,democratic advantage and autonomous advantage of the community to provide favorable opportunities for public participation,which helps to resolve the public participation failure.At present,the experience of community involvement in promoting public participation in rural environmental governance practices explains key issues such as the power system,operational system and strengthening system of public participation.Different from the bottom-up public participation model of western society,China’s rural environmental governance needs to promote public participation in rural environmental governance through public participation,publicity,and cooperation with the government.