A Re-examination of the Effects of Biased Lineup Instructions in Eyewitness Identification |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Steven?E?ClarkEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521 |
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Abstract: | A meta-analytic review of research comparing biased and unbiased instructions in eyewitness identification experiments showed an asymmetry, specifically that biased instructions led to a large and consistent decrease in accuracy in target-absent lineups, but produced inconsistent results for target-present lineups, with an average effect size near zero (N. M. Steblay, 1997). The results for target-present lineups are surprising, and are inconsistent with statistical decision theories (i.e., D. M. Green & J. A. Swets, 1966). A re-examination of the relevant studies and the meta-analysis of those studies shows clear evidence that correct identification rates do increase with biased lineup instructions, and that biased witnesses make correct identifications at a rate considerably above chance. Implications for theory, as well as police procedure and policy, are discussed. |
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Keywords: | eyewitness identification memory decision-making police procedures |
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