我国刑事误判问题透视——以20起震惊全国的刑事冤案为样本的分析

近年,我国媒体披露了一系列震惊全国的刑事冤案,这些冤案在罪刑分布、被告人的社会构成、律师辩护、侦破方式、空间分布以及得以纠正的原因方面都呈现出惊人的规律性。导致冤案出现的原因非常复杂,刑讯逼供、违法取证、忽视科技手段的运用、对无罪证据视而不见、轻视律师辩护、有罪推定是导致冤案出现的最主要原因。冤案所反映的片面追求破案率、检察机关和法院办案时难以保持独立、对案件的处理过分迁就社会舆论和被害人压力、公检法三机关过分重视相互配合而轻视相互制约、司法经费不足、对错案责任的规定过于严格等问题值得深刻反思和检讨。

A Perspective of China's Criminal Misjudgment

In recent years,the media in China disclosed a series of misjudged cases which stunned china.These cases manifest amazing regularity in these aspects: distribrtion of crime and punishment, social status of the accused, defense of the lawyer, ways of investigating and cracking criminal cases, geographical distribution, grounds that caused to be corrected. The reasons that result in misjudged cases are complicated, whereas the following are the most crucial: torturing the accused, illegally obtaining evidence, overlooking scientific and technological methods, ignoring the evidence of innocence, looking down upon the defense of lawyer, presuming guilty before conviction. The following issues reflected by the misjudged cases deserve deep contemplation and criticism: putting undue emphasis on the rate of solved criminal cases; the People's Precuratorates and the People's Courts being difficult to keep independent; excessively yielding to the public opinion and victim's pressure; the public security organs, the People's Precuratorates and the People's Courts putting undue emphasis on coordinating their efforts but ignoring checking each other; judicial appropriation being insufficient; the liability of misjudged case being severe.